Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Traumatic Brain Injury

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چکیده

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Noninvasive brain stimulation in traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE To review novel techniques of noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS), which may have value in assessment and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Review of the following techniques: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, low-level laser therapy, and transcranial Doppler sonography. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of TMS studie...

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Microglia is one of the first innate immune components. These cells account about 5 to 10% of the entire adult brain cells and are activated by trauma. Complex-mediated inflammatory responses occur through cellular and molecular events during and after the traumatic brain injury (TBI). In-lesion area astrocytes, microglia, and damaged neurons begin to secrete cytokines and chemokines. Microglia...

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Background: The present study assesses independent predictors of clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) in order to design a prognostic rule for identification of high risk children with mild head injury. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, 3,199 children with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) brought to emergency ward of three hospitals in Tehran, Iran...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

سال: 2012

ISSN: 0885-9701

DOI: 10.1097/htr.0b013e318217df55